(1) Find all the eigenvalues of a matrix \(A = \begin{bmatrix} 0 & -\alpha \\ \alpha & 0 \end{bmatrix}\) and the corresponding eigenvectors. Here \(\alpha \neq 0\) is a real number.
(2) Find \(A^k\). Here \(k\) is a positive integer.
(3) For real square matrix \(X\), exponential function is defined as
\[
\exp(X) = \sum_{k=0}^{\infty} \frac{1}{k!} X^k = E + X + \frac{1}{2!} X^2 + \cdots
\]
It is known that this function converges for all matrices \(X\). Here \(E\) is the identity matrix.
Show that
so that \(A^2 = -\alpha^2 E\). Higher powers of \(A\) are \(A^3 = -\alpha^2 A\), \(A^4 = -\alpha^2 A^2 = \alpha^4 E\), and so on.
Substituting these into the power series for \(\exp(A)\) and grouping together the terms involving \(E\) and \(A\) produces