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早稲田大学 創造理工学研究科 経営システム工学専攻 2023年8月実施 线性代数

Author​

思齐塾, 祭音Myyura

Description​

次の行列式(determinant)を計算せよ。

∣−5104−2−2−202−1−3−4−2−101∣\begin{vmatrix} -5 & 1 & 0 & 4 \\ -2 & -2 & -2 & 0 \\ 2 & -1 & -3 & -4 \\ -2 & -1 & 0 & 1 \end{vmatrix}

题目描述​

计算行列式

∣−5104−2−2−202−1−3−4−2−101∣.\begin{vmatrix} -5&1&0&4\\ -2&-2&-2&0\\ 2&-1&-3&-4\\ -2&-1&0&1 \end{vmatrix}.

Kai​

Let the determinant be DD . We can use elementary row operations to simplify the determinant.

D=∣−5104−2−2−202−1−3−4−2−101∣=−2∣−510411102−1−3−4−2−101∣\begin{aligned} D &= \begin{vmatrix} -5 & 1 & 0 & 4 \\ -2 & -2 & -2 & 0 \\ 2 & -1 & -3 & -4 \\ -2 & -1 & 0 & 1 \end{vmatrix} \\ &= -2 \begin{vmatrix} -5 & 1 & 0 & 4 \\ 1 & 1 & 1 & 0 \\ 2 & -1 & -3 & -4 \\ -2 & -1 & 0 & 1 \end{vmatrix} \end{aligned}

Interchange rows 1 and 2:

D=2∣1110−51042−1−3−4−2−101∣D = 2 \begin{vmatrix} 1 & 1 & 1 & 0 \\ -5 & 1 & 0 & 4 \\ 2 & -1 & -3 & -4 \\ -2 & -1 & 0 & 1 \end{vmatrix}

Now, apply row operations R2→R2+5R1R_2 \to R_2 + 5R_1 , R3→R3−2R1R_3 \to R_3 - 2R_1 , R4→R4+2R1R_4 \to R_4 + 2R_1 :

D=2∣111006540−3−5−40121∣D = 2 \begin{vmatrix} 1 & 1 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 6 & 5 & 4 \\ 0 & -3 & -5 & -4 \\ 0 & 1 & 2 & 1 \end{vmatrix}
D=2∣654−3−5−4121∣D = 2 \begin{vmatrix} 6 & 5 & 4 \\ -3 & -5 & -4 \\ 1 & 2 & 1 \end{vmatrix}

Apply row operation R2→R2+12R1R_2 \to R_2 + \frac{1}{2} R_1 :

D=2∣6540−5/2−2121∣D = 2 \begin{vmatrix} 6 & 5 & 4 \\ 0 & -5/2 & -2 \\ 1 & 2 & 1 \end{vmatrix}

Interchange rows 1 and 3:

D=−2∣1210−5/2−2654∣D = -2 \begin{vmatrix} 1 & 2 & 1 \\ 0 & -5/2 & -2 \\ 6 & 5 & 4 \end{vmatrix}

Apply R3→R3−6R1R_3 \to R_3 - 6R_1 :

D=−2∣1210−5/2−20−7−2∣D = -2 \begin{vmatrix} 1 & 2 & 1 \\ 0 & -5/2 & -2 \\ 0 & -7 & -2 \end{vmatrix}
D=−2∣−5/2−2−7−2∣=−2[(−5/2)(−2)−(−2)(−7)]=−2[5−14]=−2(−9)=18D = -2 \begin{vmatrix} -5/2 & -2 \\ -7 & -2 \end{vmatrix} = -2[(-5/2)(-2) - (-2)(-7)] = -2[5 - 14] = -2(-9) = 18

Thus, the determinant is 18.