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早稲田大学 創造理工学研究科 経営システム工学専攻 2023年8月実施 线性代数

Author

思齐塾, 祭音Myyura

Description

次の行列式(determinant)を計算せよ。

5104222021342101\begin{vmatrix} -5 & 1 & 0 & 4 \\ -2 & -2 & -2 & 0 \\ 2 & -1 & -3 & -4 \\ -2 & -1 & 0 & 1 \end{vmatrix}

题目描述

计算行列式

5104222021342101.\begin{vmatrix} -5&1&0&4\\ -2&-2&-2&0\\ 2&-1&-3&-4\\ -2&-1&0&1 \end{vmatrix}.

Kai

Let the determinant be DD . We can use elementary row operations to simplify the determinant.

D=5104222021342101=25104111021342101\begin{aligned} D &= \begin{vmatrix} -5 & 1 & 0 & 4 \\ -2 & -2 & -2 & 0 \\ 2 & -1 & -3 & -4 \\ -2 & -1 & 0 & 1 \end{vmatrix} \\ &= -2 \begin{vmatrix} -5 & 1 & 0 & 4 \\ 1 & 1 & 1 & 0 \\ 2 & -1 & -3 & -4 \\ -2 & -1 & 0 & 1 \end{vmatrix} \end{aligned}

Interchange rows 1 and 2:

D=21110510421342101D = 2 \begin{vmatrix} 1 & 1 & 1 & 0 \\ -5 & 1 & 0 & 4 \\ 2 & -1 & -3 & -4 \\ -2 & -1 & 0 & 1 \end{vmatrix}

Now, apply row operations R2R2+5R1R_2 \to R_2 + 5R_1 , R3R32R1R_3 \to R_3 - 2R_1 , R4R4+2R1R_4 \to R_4 + 2R_1 :

D=21110065403540121D = 2 \begin{vmatrix} 1 & 1 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 6 & 5 & 4 \\ 0 & -3 & -5 & -4 \\ 0 & 1 & 2 & 1 \end{vmatrix}
D=2654354121D = 2 \begin{vmatrix} 6 & 5 & 4 \\ -3 & -5 & -4 \\ 1 & 2 & 1 \end{vmatrix}

Apply row operation R2R2+12R1R_2 \to R_2 + \frac{1}{2} R_1 :

D=265405/22121D = 2 \begin{vmatrix} 6 & 5 & 4 \\ 0 & -5/2 & -2 \\ 1 & 2 & 1 \end{vmatrix}

Interchange rows 1 and 3:

D=212105/22654D = -2 \begin{vmatrix} 1 & 2 & 1 \\ 0 & -5/2 & -2 \\ 6 & 5 & 4 \end{vmatrix}

Apply R3R36R1R_3 \to R_3 - 6R_1 :

D=212105/22072D = -2 \begin{vmatrix} 1 & 2 & 1 \\ 0 & -5/2 & -2 \\ 0 & -7 & -2 \end{vmatrix}
D=25/2272=2[(5/2)(2)(2)(7)]=2[514]=2(9)=18D = -2 \begin{vmatrix} -5/2 & -2 \\ -7 & -2 \end{vmatrix} = -2[(-5/2)(-2) - (-2)(-7)] = -2[5 - 14] = -2(-9) = 18

Thus, the determinant is 18.