Consider the position control of a cart of mass placed on an inclined plane with an angle as shown in Figure 1. A force can be applied to the cart in the direction of the -axis along the slope to move it. The force can be sufficient to pull the cart up, and friction between the cart and the floor as well as air resistance are assumed to be negligible. The force , the position of the cart, and the velocity at time are denoted as , , and , respectively. In addition, let the magnitude of gravitational acceleration be .
Assume that at time , and . Consider a method to move this cart to the position .
Answer the following questions.
(1) Find the position and velocity of the cart when it is accelerated with a constant force until time .
(2) Decelerate the cart with a constant force from time in (1) to time (), and we want to achieve and . Find and that achieve this motion.
Next, consider applying a force to the cart that is proportional to the difference from the target position . That is, give . Note that is a positive constant.
(3) Express the equation of motion for the cart in this case.
(4) Represent on a graph.
Next, consider further adding a force proportional to the velocity of the cart. That is, give . Note that are positive constants.
(5) Explain the effect produced by adding and the reason why that effect appears.
(6) Find the condition regarding for not to oscillate. You may use the following facts if necessary.
The general solution to the differential equation ( are real constants)(A)
can be expressed by the solutions to the quadratic equation (B),
When equation (B) has two distinct real roots
When equation (B) has two distinct imaginary roots
When equation (B) has a repeated root
Here, are integration constants.
(7) Represent the graph of under the condition found in (6).
Next, consider further adding a force proportional to the integral value of the difference from the target position. That is,
give . Note that are positive constants.
(8) Explain the effect produced by adding and the reason why that effect appears.