東京大学 情報理工学系研究科 創造情報学専攻 2006年8月実施 筆記試験 第4問

标签：

• Tokyo-University
• Sampling-Theorem-and-Aliasing
• Reduced-Instruction-Set-Computer-and-Complex-Instruction-Set-Computer-Architectures
• Transmission-Control-Protocol-and-User-Datagram-Protocol
• Heap-Sort
• Functional-Programming-Language-Features
• Branch-and-Bound
• Natural-Language-Morphology-and-Morphemes
• Homogeneous-Coordinates

Author

itsuitsuki

Description

日本語

以下に示す情報システムに関する8項目から4項目を選択し、各項目を5～10行程度で説明せよ。必要に応じて例や図を用いてよい。

1. 標本化定理（サンプリング定理）
2. RISC 型と CISC 型プロセッサ
3. インターネット・トランスポート層プロトコルの TCP と UDP
4. ヒープソートのデータ構造（図で例を挙げて説明のこと）
5. 関数型プログラミング言語の特徴
6. 分枝限定法（例を用いて説明のこと）
7. 自然言語の形態素（具体例を挙げて説明のこと）
8. 同次座標系

English

Select four items out of the following eight items concerning information systems, and explain each item in approximately 5~10 lines of text. If necessary, use examples or figures.

1. The sampling theorem
2. RISC and CISC processors
3. TCP and UDP as transport-layer protocols in the Internet
4. The data structure used for heap sort (Explain with an illustrative example.)
5. Features of functional programming languages
6. Branch-and-bound algorithm (Explain with an example.)
7. Morpheme in natural languages (Explain with examples.)
8. Homogeneous coordinate system

题目描述

从下列八个信息系统相关主题中任选四个，每个用约 5～10 行说明；必要时可使用示例或图。

1. 采样定理。
2. RISC 型与 CISC 型处理器。
3. 互联网传输层协议 TCP 与 UDP。
4. 堆排序使用的数据结构，须配图举例说明。
5. 函数式编程语言的特点。
6. 分支定界法，须结合示例说明。
7. 自然语言中的语素，须举具体例子说明。
8. 齐次坐标系。

Kai

RISC and CISC processors

RISC, i.e. reduced instruction set computer, is a type of processors keeping a minimal set of instruction. Complex operations here can be formed by smaller instructions. An example is RISC-V by UC Berkeley or ARM (Advanced RISC Machine) for Mac computers. Dominant architecture for embedded devices.

CISC, i.e. complex instruction set computer processor uses a complex set of instructions to cover various operations. An example is Windows x86/x64.

Branch-and-bound algorithm

Branch-and-bound algorithm is a classic algorithm in Operation Research (Numerical Optimization), typically to solve an integer programming problem. It repeats, for example, in an integer programming problem:

1. Solving the relaxed problem (into real-valued), e.g. relaxing an IP into an LP;
2. Bounding: Find the lower and upper bounds of the current problem. Take a minimizing problem as an example, the lower bound is the optimal value for the relaxed problem and the upper bound can be any objective value in the original problem;
3. Branching, based on the solution, e.g. for a solution $(\tilde x_1,\tilde x_2,\dots)$ of the relaxation $\tilde A$ of $A$ with $x_1$ integer constraint, take (for example) $x_1$ as the branching variable, break the original IP $A$ into $A_1$ and $A_2$ where $A_1$ is $A$ plus a new constraint $x_1\le \lfloor \tilde x_1\rfloor$ and $A_2$ is $A$ plus $x_1\ge \lceil \tilde x_1\rceil$.
4. Repeat solving (e.g. relaxed $\tilde A_1,\tilde A_2$), bounding and branching and end a subtree when a lower bound is also feasible for the original problem.