(1) 3y′+xy=y2x
Let u=y3 . Then u′=3y2y′ , so y′=3y2u′ . Substituting into the equation, we have
3(3y2u′)+xy=y2xy2u′+xy=y2x
Multiplying by y2 , we get
u′+xy3=xu′+xu=x
This is a first-order linear ODE. Integrating factor is μ(x)=e∫x1dx=elnx=x .
Multiplying by x , we get
xu′+u=x2dxd(xu)=x2
Integrating both sides, we get
xu=∫x2dx=3x3+Cu=3x2+xCy3=3x2+xCy=33x2+xC
(2) y′′=4+(y′)2
Let v=y′ . Then v′=y′′ . So v′=4+v2 .
dxdv=4+v2∫4+v2dv=∫dxsinh−1(2v)=x+C12v=sinh(x+C1)v=2sinh(x+C1)y′=2sinh(x+C1)y=∫2sinh(x+C1)dx=2cosh(x+C1)+C2