Given graph , a subset of edges is called a matching if any two edges share no end vertex.
A matching is said to be maximal if any superset of is not a matching.
(1) Show two maximal matchings of the graph shown in Figure 1.
(2) Prove holds for any maximal matchings and of a given graph . Here, is defined as and denotes the cardinality of set .
(3) Prove by using the above statement and equation .
(4) Show an example of graph to have maximal matchings and satisfying .
Note that each edge in can be adjacent to at most edges in since is a matching; and each edge in is adjacent to an edge in by maximality of , hence we have